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Vliv změny stravovacího režimu na zastoupení vybraných druhů rodu Bifidobacterium v lidském trávicím traktu
Vanišová, Denisa
The diploma thesis provides insight into the influence of dietary interventions on the composition of the human intestinal microbiota. Focusing on the representation of bacteria belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium, with an emphasis on the identification and percentage representation of B. longum and B. bifidum using the PCR method. The research involved 12 participants who took part in a group weight reduction programme over the course of 8 weeks. Stool samples were analysed before starting and after finishing the course. It was ascertained that during the course there was a significant increase in the number of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, whereas in the genus Bacteroides there was observed a concurrent decrease. Regarding Eubacterium spp. there was almost no observed difference. Over the course of the programme subjects significantly increased their fibre intake, while decreasing intake of all other macronutrients. No correlation was confirmed between the numbers of bifidobacteria and the amount of nutrients consumed.
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Differences in food intake among obese and non-obese pacients with diabetes
Číhová, Anna ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Basis: Disorders of glucose metabolism, including prediabetes and diabetes, and obesity are very common diseases, the prevalence of which continues to rise worldwide. Overweight and obesity are usually associated with type 2 diabetes, and some authors use the term diabesity for the joint occurrence of these two diseases, but even in patients with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. The basic measure in the treatment of an obese diabetic is a diet leading to weight reduction, ideally to achieve optimal body weight. Objective: This work focuses on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with diabetes, respectively in individual types of diabetes and on the differences in food intake of obese and non- obese patients with diabetes, with the aim of determining whether overweight and obesity, or excessive energy intake, are related to worse diabetes compensation. Methodology: In the practical part of this diploma thesis, two methods of data collection were chosen, a questionnaire survey and anonymous data collection from electronic medical documentation. All data obtained were continuously recorded and then statistically analysed using the Welch t-test and the chi-squared test in the TIBCO STATISTICA 13 program. Findings: In the entire research population...
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Impact of weight loss in obese subjects on the sensitivity of adipose tissue cells in relation to stress of endoplasmatic reticulum.
Karlická, Michaela ; Rossmeislová, Lenka (advisor) ; Němcová, Vlasta (referee)
Adipocytokines released by the adipose tissue play an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In obesity their production is dysregulated, which is one of the major factors contributing to the onset of a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation representing a risk factor for the progression of other diseases, such as atherosclerosis or type-2 diabetes. The main goal of this thesis was to analyze the secretion of selected adipocytokines (adiponectin, IL6 and MCP1) by in-vitro differentiated adipocytes, isolated from the adipose tissue prior to and after a dietary intervention, and this under basal conditions and during stimulated lipolysis. In case of adiponectin, the secretion of its isoforms was analyzed too. The concentration of adiponectin, IL6 and MCP1 was determined by the ELISA method, the Western Blot method was used to determine the distribution of the adiponectin isoforms. The thesis also concentrates on the gene expression of ATF3, ATF4 and HSPA5, factors engaged in the ER stress in the course of the differentiation of adipocytes. The changes in the gene expression were measured by the quantitative Real Time PCR method. At the same time the development of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the course of adipogenesis was monitored by indirect...
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